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Vasculitis

Also called Angiitis, Arteritis, or Inflammation of the blood vessels

Vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessels. It can narrow them and reduce blood flow to organs. There are many types, which affect different blood vessels and parts of the body, such as the skin, kidneys, lungs, nerves or eyes. It happens when the immune system attacks the blood vessels, sometimes after an infection or medicine, but often the cause is unknown.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Mild types may get better by themselves. Other types are treated with steroids and medicines that calm the immune system.

Regular check-ups and blood and urine tests are often needed to watch for flare-ups and side effects.

Common signs

  • High temperature
  • Tiredness
  • Weight loss
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • A rash of small red or purple spots
  • Other symptoms depending on the organs affected, such as numbness or a cough

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Blood tests, including ANCA
  • Urine tests
  • Biopsy
  • Scans

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood and urine test results
  • Biopsy reports
  • Scan reports
  • Rheumatology letters
  • Medicine lists

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What type of vasculitis do I have?
  • Which organs are affected?
  • How will my treatment be monitored?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Sudden vision loss, coughing up blood, severe breathlessness or blood in the urine: call 112 or go to the emergency department

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources

Related conditions

Temporal arteritisInflammation of blood vessels in the head that can cause headaches and vision loss. It needs urgent treatment with steroids.Kawasaki diseaseA rare condition in young children causing a high fever, rash and red eyes. It needs hospital treatment to protect the heart.Henoch-Schönlein purpuraInflammation of small blood vessels causing a raised rash, joint pain and tummy pain, mostly in children. It usually gets better on its own.LupusA long-term autoimmune condition causing joint pain, rashes and tiredness. It can affect many organs and is controlled with medicine.