Rett syndrome

Also called RTT

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects how the brain develops. It almost always affects girls. Babies usually develop as expected at first, then between 6 and 18 months start to lose skills such as using their hands purposefully and talking. It is caused by a change in a gene called MECP2.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

There is no cure, but many people with Rett syndrome live into adulthood with support.

Care involves a team that may include physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, help with feeding, and treatment for epilepsy, breathing problems and scoliosis.

Common signs

  • Loss of purposeful hand use
  • Repeated hand movements, such as wringing
  • Loss of speech
  • Problems with walking and balance
  • Breathing irregularities
  • Seizures

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Checking development and symptoms
  • A genetic blood test

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Genetic test results
  • Development and therapy reports
  • Neurology letters
  • Seizure diary
  • Care plans

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Which therapies would help my child most now?
  • How should seizures be managed?
  • What support is available for our family?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or long pauses in breathing with blue lips: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources