Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Also called PMS, Premenstrual tension, or PMT

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the name for the symptoms some people get in the 2 weeks before their period. Symptoms usually ease once the period starts. The exact cause is not known, but it is thought to be linked to changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Most people who have periods get some symptoms. For some they are mild, for others they affect daily life.

Regular exercise, a healthy diet, enough sleep and reducing stress can help. Painkillers, the contraceptive pill or antidepressants may be offered.

Common signs

  • Mood swings, feeling irritable or upset
  • Feeling anxious or low
  • Tiredness or trouble sleeping
  • Bloating or tummy pain
  • Breast tenderness
  • Headaches and spotty skin

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions about symptoms
  • Keeping a symptom diary for at least 2 cycles

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • A symptom diary
  • GP or gynaecology notes
  • Medicine lists

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Could my symptoms be something else?
  • Which treatments could help me?
  • Would the contraceptive pill help?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Thoughts of harming yourself: get urgent help, call 112 if in danger

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources