Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Also called PTSD or Complex PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by very stressful, frightening or distressing events, such as an assault, an accident, a difficult birth or war. People with PTSD often relive the event through nightmares and flashbacks and may feel isolated, irritable and guilty. Symptoms can start soon after the event or years later.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Complex PTSD can follow repeated trauma, such as childhood abuse or domestic violence.

Trauma-focused talking therapies, such as trauma-focused CBT and EMDR, work well. Antidepressants may also help.

Common signs

  • Flashbacks and nightmares
  • Avoiding reminders of the event
  • Feeling on edge or easily startled
  • Problems sleeping and concentrating
  • Feeling numb or detached
  • Guilt, shame or anger

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Talking with a GP
  • Assessment by a mental health professional

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Mental health assessment letters
  • Therapy plans and progress notes
  • Medicine lists

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Which trauma therapy would suit me?
  • How long is the wait for therapy?
  • What can I do in the meantime to cope?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Thoughts of harming yourself or others: get urgent help, call 112 if in danger

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources