Obesity

Also called Overweight or Excess weight

Obesity means having a lot of excess body fat. It is usually measured using body mass index (BMI), along with waist size. It raises the risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, some cancers and joint problems. Many things play a part, including genes, environment, sleep, stress and some medicines.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Losing even a small amount of weight can improve health. Changes to eating and activity, with support from a professional, are usually the first step.

Weight loss medicines or weight loss surgery may be offered to some people. Checks for related conditions, such as blood pressure and blood sugar, are part of care.

Common signs

  • A high BMI or large waist size
  • Breathlessness with activity
  • Snoring or poor sleep
  • Joint or back pain
  • Tiredness

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Measuring height, weight and waist size
  • Working out BMI
  • Blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol tests

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Weight and BMI measurements over time
  • Blood test results
  • Dietitian or weight management service letters
  • Medicine lists

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What is a healthy target for me?
  • Is there a weight management service I can be referred to?
  • Am I suitable for weight loss medicines or surgery?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Chest pain, sudden breathlessness or signs of a stroke: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources