Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Also called GPA or Wegener's granulomatosis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare type of vasculitis, where the immune system causes inflammation of small blood vessels. It most often affects the nose, sinuses, ears, lungs and kidneys. It can be serious, but treatment can usually control it.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

The cause is not known. It usually affects adults.

Treatment involves medicines that calm the immune system, such as steroids and other immunosuppressants, followed by long-term medicine to stop it coming back.

Common signs

  • Blocked or crusty nose and nosebleeds
  • Sinus pain
  • Cough, sometimes with blood
  • Shortness of breath
  • Tiredness, fever and weight loss
  • Blood in the pee

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Blood tests, including ANCA
  • Urine tests
  • Chest scans
  • A biopsy

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • ANCA and kidney function results
  • Urine test results
  • Scan and biopsy reports
  • Specialist letters and medicine changes

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Which organs are affected?
  • How long will I need treatment?
  • Which signs of a relapse should I watch for?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Coughing up blood, severe breathlessness or peeing much less than usual: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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