Typhoid fever

Also called Typhoid, Enteric fever, or Paratyphoid

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. It spreads through food and water contaminated with the poo of an infected person, mostly in parts of South Asia, Africa and South America where sanitation is poor. Without treatment, it can cause serious complications.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is treated with antibiotics. Some people need treatment in hospital.

A vaccine is recommended before travelling to high-risk areas, along with careful food and water hygiene.

Common signs

  • A high temperature that rises over several days
  • Headache
  • Tummy pain
  • Constipation or diarrhoea
  • Feeling tired and unwell
  • A rash of small pink spots

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions about travel
  • Blood, poo or urine tests

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood and stool test results
  • Travel clinic records and vaccinations
  • Hospital or infectious disease letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do I need the typhoid vaccine?
  • How long will treatment last?
  • Do I need follow-up tests after treatment?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Severe tummy pain, vomiting blood, black poo or confusion: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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