Toxic shock syndrome

Also called TSS

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening condition caused by toxins released by staph or strep bacteria. It is often linked to tampon use, but can also happen after skin injuries, burns, surgery or childbirth, and can affect anyone, including men and children.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It needs emergency treatment in hospital, usually with antibiotics, fluids and treatment to support the organs, often in intensive care.

Using the lowest absorbency tampon needed and changing tampons regularly lowers the risk.

Common signs

  • A sudden high temperature
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Feeling or being sick, or diarrhoea
  • A widespread rash that looks like sunburn
  • Confusion or dizziness
  • Lips, tongue and whites of the eyes turning bright red

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination and questions about recent tampon use or wounds
  • Blood tests and swabs

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood test and swab results
  • Intensive care or hospital discharge letters
  • Follow-up letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What caused it?
  • Can I use tampons again?
  • What recovery should I expect?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A high temperature with a sunburn-like rash, vomiting or confusion, especially while using a tampon: remove the tampon and call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources