Sepsis

Also called Septicaemia or Blood poisoning

Sepsis is a life-threatening reaction to an infection. It happens when the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage the body's own tissues and organs. It can start from any infection, such as a chest or urine infection, an infected wound or appendicitis. Babies, older people and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It needs treatment in hospital straight away, usually with antibiotics and fluids into a vein, and sometimes in intensive care.

Many people make a full recovery, but some have long-term problems such as tiredness, muscle weakness and poor sleep (post-sepsis syndrome).

Common signs

  • Slurred speech or confusion
  • Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin, lips or tongue
  • A rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it
  • Difficulty breathing or very fast breathing
  • Not peeing for a day
  • Feeling like you are going to die

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Checking temperature, heart rate, breathing and blood pressure
  • Blood tests, including blood cultures
  • Tests to find the source of infection

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood test and culture results
  • Scan reports
  • Intensive care or hospital discharge letters
  • Follow-up clinic letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What was the source of the infection?
  • What recovery should I expect?
  • Is there support for problems after sepsis?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Any signs of sepsis, such as confusion, mottled or blue skin, a non-fading rash or difficulty breathing: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources