Thrush

Also called Vaginal thrush, Candidiasis, or Yeast infection

Thrush is a common yeast infection that affects men and women. It is caused by a yeast called Candida, which normally lives harmlessly on the skin and in the mouth, gut and vagina. It can grow too much after antibiotics, in pregnancy, with poorly controlled diabetes or a weakened immune system. It is not a sexually transmitted infection.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is treated with antifungal creams, pessaries or tablets, many of which are available from a pharmacy.

If it keeps coming back (4 or more times a year), a doctor can check for causes and suggest longer treatment.

Common signs

  • Itching and irritation around the vagina or penis
  • White discharge that looks like cottage cheese
  • Soreness and stinging when peeing or during sex
  • Redness and swelling
  • A red rash under the foreskin

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions about symptoms
  • Sometimes a swab

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • GP or sexual health notes
  • Swab results
  • Prescriptions

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Is this definitely thrush?
  • Is the treatment safe in pregnancy?
  • Why does it keep coming back?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Thrush with a high temperature, tummy pain or a weakened immune system that is not improving: see a doctor the same day

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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