Bacterial vaginosis

Also called BV

Bacterial vaginosis happens when the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is upset. It is very common, it is not a sexually transmitted infection, and it is easily treated with antibiotics, although it often comes back.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is more likely after a change of sexual partner, with an IUD, or with douching and perfumed products. About half of people with BV have no symptoms.

In pregnancy it can slightly increase the risk of complications, so it is worth mentioning to your midwife or doctor if you have symptoms.

Common signs

  • A strong fishy smell, especially after sex
  • Thin, white or grey discharge
  • Usually no itching or soreness

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions and examination
  • A vaginal swab to check the pH and bacteria

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Swab results
  • Treatments taken and when, to spot a pattern if it keeps returning

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Should my partner be treated too?
  • What can I do to stop it coming back?
  • Is it a concern in my pregnancy?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Fever with pelvic pain, or heavy bleeding in pregnancy

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources