Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

Also called TMD, TMJ disorder, or Jaw joint pain

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition affecting the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint) and the muscles around it. It can cause pain in the jaw, face and ears, and clicking or popping when moving the jaw. It is often linked to teeth grinding or clenching, stress, an injury or arthritis.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It often gets better by itself within a few weeks or months. Eating soft food, avoiding chewing gum, warm or cold packs and painkillers can help.

A dentist may suggest a mouth guard for teeth grinding. Physiotherapy or talking therapy for stress can also help.

Common signs

  • Pain around the jaw, ear and temple
  • Clicking, popping or grinding noises when moving the jaw
  • Headaches
  • Difficulty opening the mouth fully
  • The jaw locking

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination by a dentist or GP
  • Sometimes X-rays or an MRI scan

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Dental notes
  • Maxillofacial or physiotherapy letters
  • Scan reports

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do I grind my teeth?
  • Would a mouth guard help?
  • Which exercises are safe for my jaw?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A jaw that is locked open or closed, or jaw pain with chest pain: get urgent help, call 112 for chest pain

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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