Sprains and strains

Also called Sprain, Strain, Pulled muscle, or Twisted ankle

Sprains and strains are common injuries. A sprain is when a ligament, the tissue connecting bones at a joint, is stretched or torn, for example in a twisted ankle. A strain is when a muscle is overstretched or torn, such as a pulled hamstring. They often happen during sport or exercise.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Most get better within a few weeks with rest, ice, gentle compression, keeping the area raised and painkillers.

Physiotherapy can help if it is slow to recover. Severe injuries may need a specialist.

Common signs

  • Pain, tenderness or weakness
  • Swelling or bruising
  • Being unable to put weight on the injury or use it normally
  • Muscle spasms or cramping

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions about the injury and an examination
  • Sometimes an X-ray to rule out a broken bone

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Emergency or minor injuries notes
  • X-ray reports
  • Physiotherapy plans

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Could anything be broken?
  • When can I go back to sport?
  • Which exercises will help recovery?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Being unable to put any weight on the leg, a limb that looks out of shape, or numbness and a cold, pale limb: go to an emergency department or call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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