Lyme disease

Also called Lyme borreliosis

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread to humans by infected ticks, usually found in woodland and grassy areas. Many people have a circular red rash around the tick bite, sometimes looking like a bull's-eye, which can appear up to 3 months after the bite. Some people also get flu-like symptoms.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is treated with antibiotics, and most people recover fully. Without treatment, it can affect the joints, nerves or heart.

Removing ticks quickly with fine tweezers or a tick removal tool reduces the risk of infection.

Common signs

  • A circular red rash around the bite, which may spread
  • High temperature and chills
  • Headache
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Tiredness
  • Later: facial weakness, joint swelling or palpitations

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination of the rash
  • Blood tests, if there is no rash

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Photos of the rash and the date of the tick bite
  • Blood test results
  • Antibiotic course details

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do I need antibiotics?
  • What symptoms mean I should come back?
  • How can I avoid tick bites?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Facial weakness, a stiff neck with severe headache, chest pain or fainting after a tick bite: get urgent medical help

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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