Lung cancer

Also called Non-small cell lung cancer or Small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types of cancer. Most cases are linked to smoking, but people who have never smoked can also get it. There are two main types: non-small cell lung cancer, which is more common, and small cell lung cancer, which tends to spread faster. It often causes no symptoms until it has spread.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Some countries offer lung screening with low-dose CT scans to people at higher risk.

Treatment depends on the type and stage and may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Common signs

  • A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks
  • Coughing up blood
  • Breathlessness
  • Chest infections that keep coming back
  • Losing weight
  • Tiredness

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Chest X-ray
  • CT and PET-CT scans
  • Bronchoscopy or biopsy
  • Molecular tests on the tumour

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Scan reports
  • Biopsy and histology reports, including molecular results
  • Lung function tests
  • Oncology letters and treatment summaries

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What type and stage of lung cancer is it?
  • Are there targeted treatments for my cancer?
  • What support is there to stop smoking?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Coughing up a lot of blood, severe breathlessness, or swelling of the face and neck: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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