Low white blood cell count

Also called Leukopenia or Neutropenia

A low white blood cell count means you have fewer white blood cells, which help fight infection, than normal. It is often found by chance on a blood test and may cause no symptoms. It can be caused by viral infections, some medicines, chemotherapy, autoimmune conditions, low vitamin levels or problems with the bone marrow. Some people naturally have a slightly lower count.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

A mildly low count often needs only a repeat test.

A very low count, especially of neutrophils, increases the risk of serious infection, and treatment depends on the cause.

Common signs

  • Often no symptoms
  • Frequent or long-lasting infections
  • High temperature
  • Mouth ulcers

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Full blood count with differential
  • Repeat blood tests
  • Further tests depending on the cause, sometimes a bone marrow test

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Full blood count results over time, including neutrophils
  • A list of medicines
  • Haematology letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What is causing my low count?
  • How low is it, and is it a risk?
  • What should I do if I get a fever?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A temperature of 38°C or above, or feeling suddenly very unwell, while known to have a very low count or on chemotherapy: get urgent medical help

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources