Liver cancer

Also called Hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC

Primary liver cancer is cancer that starts in the liver. It is most common in people with cirrhosis, long-term hepatitis B or C, or fatty liver disease. It often causes no symptoms early on. Cancer that has spread to the liver from elsewhere is called secondary liver cancer and is treated differently.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

People with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B are often offered ultrasound scans every 6 months to find it early.

Treatment depends on the size of the cancer and how well the liver works, and may include surgery, ablation, a liver transplant, or medicines.

Common signs

  • Yellow skin or eyes
  • Losing weight without trying
  • A swollen tummy
  • Pain in the upper right tummy
  • Tiredness
  • Itchy skin

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Ultrasound, CT or MRI scans
  • Blood tests including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • Biopsy, sometimes

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Surveillance ultrasound reports
  • AFP results over time
  • CT or MRI reports
  • Hepatology and oncology letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How often should I be scanned?
  • What treatment options suit my liver function?
  • Am I a candidate for a transplant?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Vomiting blood, black poo, sudden confusion or a rapidly swelling tummy: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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