Hib infection

Also called Haemophilus influenzae type b

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) is a type of bacteria that can cause serious infections, such as meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis and blood poisoning. It mostly affects children under 5. It spreads through coughs, sneezes and close contact. Despite the name, it is not related to flu.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Hib infections are now rare because the Hib vaccine is part of routine childhood vaccinations.

Infections are treated with antibiotics in hospital.

Common signs

  • High temperature
  • Stiff neck, headache and dislike of bright light
  • Difficulty breathing or swallowing
  • Being very sleepy or irritable
  • A rash

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Blood tests
  • Lumbar puncture, if meningitis is suspected

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Vaccination dates
  • Hospital discharge letters
  • Hearing tests after meningitis

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Is my child up to date with the Hib vaccine?
  • Do family members need antibiotics?
  • Will there be any lasting effects?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A child with fever and a stiff neck, a rash, drooling with difficulty breathing, or who is very drowsy: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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