Epiglottitis

Also called Supraglottitis

Epiglottitis is when the epiglottis, the flap at the back of the tongue that covers the windpipe when you swallow, becomes swollen, usually because of an infection. It can quickly block the airway and is a medical emergency. It is now rare in children because of the Hib vaccine, and more often affects adults.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is treated in hospital with antibiotics and, if needed, help with breathing.

Do not try to look in the throat or make the person lie down, as this can make breathing worse.

Common signs

  • Severe sore throat and pain when swallowing
  • Difficulty breathing and a high-pitched sound when breathing in
  • Drooling
  • A muffled voice
  • Sitting upright and leaning forward to breathe

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Diagnosed in hospital by looking at the throat with a camera in a controlled setting
  • Blood tests

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Hospital discharge summaries
  • Vaccination records

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What caused it?
  • Are my children's vaccinations up to date?
  • Is there anything to watch for after discharge?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Difficulty breathing, drooling or being unable to swallow with a sore throat: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources