Guillain-Barré syndrome

Also called GBS or Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare and serious condition where the immune system attacks the nerves. It often starts a few weeks after an infection, such as food poisoning or a chest infection. It usually begins with numbness and tingling in the feet and hands, followed by weakness that can spread up the body.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It can affect breathing, so it is treated in hospital, sometimes in intensive care.

Most people recover fully, but recovery can take months or longer and some are left with weakness or tiredness.

Common signs

  • Numbness, pins and needles or pain in the feet and hands
  • Weakness in the legs that spreads to the arms
  • Problems with balance and walking
  • Difficulty breathing, speaking or swallowing

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination of nerves and reflexes
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Nerve conduction studies

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Lumbar puncture and nerve test results
  • Hospital discharge letters
  • Rehabilitation and physiotherapy notes

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How long might recovery take?
  • What rehabilitation will I need?
  • Can it come back?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Weakness that spreads quickly, or difficulty breathing, speaking or swallowing: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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