Dental abscess

Also called Tooth abscess or Gum abscess

A dental abscess is a build-up of pus inside a tooth, in the gum or in the bone that holds the tooth in place. It is caused by a bacterial infection, often from tooth decay, a cracked tooth or gum disease. It does not go away on its own and needs to be treated by a dentist.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Treatment involves draining the pus, then root canal treatment or removing the tooth. Antibiotics are used if the infection is spreading.

Painkillers can help while waiting to see a dentist. Regular dental check-ups help prevent abscesses.

Common signs

  • Intense, throbbing toothache
  • Pain spreading to the ear, jaw or neck
  • Swelling of the face or gum
  • Sensitivity to hot and cold
  • A bad taste in the mouth or fever

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Dental examination
  • Dental X-ray

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Dental X-rays
  • Dental treatment notes, including root canal or extraction
  • Antibiotics given

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Can the tooth be saved?
  • Do I need antibiotics?
  • How can I prevent this happening again?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Swelling spreading to the eye or neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or high fever: go to an emergency department or call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources