Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Also called ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome happens when fluid builds up in the tiny air sacs of the lungs, so not enough oxygen reaches the blood. It is a reaction to a serious illness or injury, such as pneumonia, sepsis or major trauma. People with ARDS are usually already in hospital and are treated in intensive care.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Treatment supports breathing, usually with a ventilator, while the underlying cause is treated.

Recovery can take months. Many people have weakness, tiredness, breathlessness or low mood for a while afterwards, and benefit from rehabilitation.

Common signs

  • Severe shortness of breath
  • Fast, laboured breathing
  • Low oxygen levels, confusion, extreme tiredness

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Blood oxygen measurements
  • A chest X-ray or CT scan
  • Tests to find and treat the cause

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • The intensive care and hospital discharge summaries
  • Chest imaging reports
  • Lung function tests and rehabilitation notes after discharge
  • Follow-up clinic letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What caused the ARDS?
  • What recovery should I expect, and over what time?
  • Is a follow-up clinic or rehabilitation programme available?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Breathlessness that is getting worse after leaving hospital
  • Chest pain or coughing up blood
  • Blue or grey lips

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources