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Syphilis

Also called Treponema pallidum infection

Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually caught by having sex with someone who has it. It often starts with a small painless sore, followed later by a rash and flu-like symptoms. Symptoms can go away, but the infection stays in the body. Without treatment, it can cause serious problems with the heart, brain, eyes and nerves years later. It can also pass to a baby in pregnancy.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is treated with antibiotics, usually an injection or a course of tablets. Follow-up blood tests check it has cleared.

Sexual partners should be tested and treated. Using condoms lowers the risk. Pregnant women are offered a test.

Common signs

  • A small, painless sore on the genitals, anus or mouth
  • A blotchy rash, often on the palms and soles
  • White or grey patches in the mouth
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Swollen glands
  • Patchy hair loss

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Blood tests
  • A swab from a sore

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood test results, including follow-up
  • Sexual health clinic notes
  • Treatment records

Questions to ask your doctor

  • When should I have follow-up tests?
  • Do my partners need testing?
  • When is it safe to have sex again?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Changes in vision, hearing loss, severe headache or confusion: get urgent help the same day

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources

Related conditions

ChlamydiaOne of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It often has no symptoms and is easily treated with antibiotics.GonorrhoeaA sexually transmitted bacterial infection that often has no symptoms. It is treated with antibiotics.