Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Also called SAH or Brain haemorrhage

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is bleeding in the space that surrounds the brain. It is most often caused by a burst blood vessel bulge (brain aneurysm), but can also follow a head injury. It usually causes a sudden, extremely painful headache, often described as the worst ever. Smoking and high blood pressure raise the risk.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It needs emergency treatment in hospital, often in a specialist neurosurgery centre. A burst aneurysm is usually sealed with a coil or a clip.

Recovery can take a long time, and some people have lasting problems such as tiredness, memory problems or headaches.

Common signs

  • A sudden, very severe headache
  • A stiff neck
  • Feeling or being sick
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Confusion or blurred vision
  • Loss of consciousness or seizures

How it is usually diagnosed

  • CT brain scan
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Angiography to look for an aneurysm

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • CT and angiography reports
  • Neurosurgery letters
  • Discharge letters
  • Rehabilitation plans

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What caused the bleed?
  • What recovery should I expect?
  • Do I need follow-up scans?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A sudden, severe headache unlike any before: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources