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Q fever

Also called Coxiella burnetii infection

Q fever is an infection caused by bacteria spread by farm animals, mainly sheep, goats and cattle. People usually catch it by breathing in dust contaminated by infected animals, especially around birthing. Farmers, vets, abattoir workers and people living near farms are most at risk. It does not usually spread between people.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Many people have no symptoms or a mild flu-like illness that goes away by itself. Antibiotics are used if symptoms are more severe.

Rarely, it can become a long-term (chronic) infection affecting the heart valves, which needs longer treatment. It is riskier in pregnancy.

Common signs

  • High temperature
  • Severe headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Tiredness
  • A dry cough or chest pain
  • Tummy pain or diarrhoea

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Questions about contact with animals
  • Blood tests

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Blood test results
  • GP or infectious disease letters
  • Prescriptions
  • Echocardiogram reports if the heart is checked

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do I need antibiotics?
  • Do I need follow-up blood tests?
  • Is there any risk to my heart?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Severe breathlessness, chest pain or confusion with a fever: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources

Related conditions

PneumoniaAn infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs. It can be mild or serious and is usually treated with antibiotics.EndocarditisA rare but serious infection of the inner lining of the heart, usually affecting the heart valves. It needs long antibiotic treatment.