Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Also called PAD or Peripheral vascular disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is when a build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries restricts blood supply to the leg muscles. It is a sign of hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), which also raises the risk of heart attack and stroke. Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol increase the risk.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Stopping smoking, walking exercise and medicines to lower cholesterol and prevent clots are the main treatments.

If symptoms are severe, a procedure to widen or bypass the artery may be offered.

Common signs

  • Pain in the legs when walking that eases with rest
  • Cold or numb feet
  • Hair loss on the legs
  • Sores on the feet or legs that do not heal
  • Shiny skin or a change in colour of the legs

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Checking pulses in the legs
  • Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)
  • Doppler ultrasound or angiography

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • ABPI results
  • Ultrasound or angiogram reports
  • Vascular clinic letters
  • Cholesterol and blood sugar results

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How much walking should I do?
  • Which medicines do I need?
  • Would a procedure help me?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A leg or foot that suddenly becomes cold, pale, painful or numb: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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