Oesophageal atresia

Also called Esophageal atresia or OA

Oesophageal atresia is a rare condition a baby is born with, where the food pipe (oesophagus) does not form properly and does not connect to the stomach. This means the baby cannot swallow milk. It often happens together with a link between the food pipe and windpipe (tracheo-oesophageal fistula). It may be suspected before birth on a scan.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Surgery is needed, usually in the first days of life, to join the food pipe. Some babies need more than one operation.

After surgery, some children have swallowing problems, reflux or a narrowing of the food pipe and need regular follow-up as they grow.

Common signs

  • Frothy bubbles from the mouth soon after birth
  • Coughing, choking or turning blue when feeding
  • Being unable to swallow milk
  • Breathing problems

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Ultrasound scans during pregnancy
  • Passing a thin tube into the food pipe after birth
  • X-ray

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Pregnancy scan reports
  • Surgery notes
  • Discharge letters
  • Follow-up clinic letters and dilatation records

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What type of surgery will be needed?
  • What problems might we see as our child grows?
  • Who do we contact if feeding becomes difficult?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A baby who chokes, turns blue or struggles to breathe when feeding: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources