Neurofibromatosis type 2

Also called NF2 or NF2-related schwannomatosis

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare genetic condition that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow along nerves. Most people develop tumours on both hearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas), which can cause hearing loss, tinnitus and balance problems. Symptoms usually start in the late teens or early adulthood.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It is not related to neurofibromatosis type 1, despite the similar name.

Regular scans and hearing tests are needed. Tumours may be monitored, removed with surgery, treated with radiotherapy or with medicines that slow growth.

Common signs

  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Balance problems
  • Lumps on or under the skin
  • Vision problems such as cataracts at a young age

How it is usually diagnosed

  • MRI scans of the brain and spine
  • Hearing tests
  • Eye examination
  • Genetic testing

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • MRI reports over time
  • Audiograms
  • Specialist NF2 centre letters
  • Genetic test results

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How quickly are the tumours growing?
  • What can be done to protect my hearing?
  • Should my family be tested?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Sudden severe headache, sudden weakness, or difficulty swallowing or breathing: call 112

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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