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Leukoplakia

Also called Oral leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a white patch on the tongue, gums or inside of the cheeks that cannot be scraped off. It is usually painless. It is linked to smoking, chewing tobacco and drinking alcohol, but the cause is not always known. Most patches are harmless, but a small number can develop into mouth cancer over time.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

A biopsy is usually done to check the cells. Stopping smoking and reducing alcohol may make patches go away.

Patches may be removed, and regular check-ups with a dentist or specialist are recommended.

Common signs

  • A white or grey patch inside the mouth
  • A patch that cannot be rubbed off
  • Usually painless
  • Red areas within the patch, sometimes

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination by a dentist or doctor
  • Biopsy

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Biopsy reports
  • Photos of the patch over time
  • Oral surgery or ENT letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What did the biopsy show?
  • Should the patch be removed?
  • How often do I need check-ups?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A patch that grows quickly, bleeds or becomes an ulcer that does not heal in 3 weeks: get it checked urgently

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources

Related conditions

Mouth cancerCancer of the mouth, tongue, lips or gums. A mouth ulcer or lump that does not heal in 3 weeks should be checked.Mouth ulcersSmall painful sores inside the mouth. They are common, harmless and usually heal within 1 to 2 weeks.