Hydronephrosis

Also called Swollen kidney

Hydronephrosis is when one or both kidneys become swollen because urine cannot drain properly into the bladder. It can be caused by a blockage, such as a kidney stone, an enlarged prostate or a narrowing, or by urine flowing backwards. It is also often found on pregnancy scans in unborn babies, when it usually gets better on its own.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

If not treated, a long-lasting blockage can damage the kidney.

Treatment depends on the cause and may include draining the urine with a tube, removing a stone, or surgery.

Common signs

  • Pain in the side or back
  • Pain when peeing or needing to pee often
  • Feeling sick
  • High temperature if infected
  • Often no symptoms, especially in babies

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Ultrasound scan
  • Blood and urine tests
  • CT scan or kidney function scans

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Kidney ultrasound reports over time
  • Kidney function results
  • Urology letters
  • Pregnancy or baby scan reports

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What is causing the swelling?
  • Is my kidney function affected?
  • How often should it be scanned?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Severe side pain with fever and shivering, or not being able to pee: get urgent medical help

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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