Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Also called HSP or Familial spastic paraplegia

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of rare inherited conditions that cause gradual weakness and stiffness (spasticity) in the legs. It happens because the nerves that carry signals from the brain to the leg muscles slowly stop working properly. Symptoms can start at any age.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

It usually gets worse slowly over many years. Life expectancy is usually not affected.

There is no cure, but physiotherapy, exercise, medicines for stiffness, and walking aids can help.

Common signs

  • Stiff, tight leg muscles
  • Weakness in the legs
  • Difficulty walking and tripping
  • Needing to pee urgently

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Examination by a neurologist
  • MRI scans to rule out other conditions
  • Genetic testing

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Neurology letters
  • Genetic test results
  • MRI reports
  • Physiotherapy notes

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Which type of HSP do I have?
  • Could my children inherit it?
  • Which therapies could help my walking?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • A sudden change in strength or bladder control: get urgent medical help, it may be something else

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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