Heartburn and acid reflux

Also called GORD, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, or GERD

Heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat (acid reflux). If it keeps happening, it is called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Food, alcohol, smoking, being overweight, pregnancy and some medicines can make it worse.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Lifestyle changes, such as eating smaller meals and raising the head of the bed, and antacids or medicines that reduce stomach acid usually help.

Long-lasting reflux can damage the food pipe, so persistent symptoms should be checked.

Common signs

  • Burning feeling in the middle of the chest
  • Unpleasant sour taste in the mouth
  • Cough or hiccups that keep coming back
  • Hoarse voice
  • Bloating and feeling sick

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Usually based on symptoms
  • Endoscopy (gastroscopy) if symptoms persist or there are warning signs
  • pH monitoring, sometimes

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Endoscopy reports
  • A list of medicines tried
  • Gastroenterology letters

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Which lifestyle changes would help most?
  • How long should I take acid-reducing medicine?
  • Do I need an endoscopy?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Chest pain spreading to the arm or jaw, vomiting blood, black poo or difficulty swallowing: get urgent medical help

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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