Heart attack

Also called Myocardial infarction, MI, or Acute coronary syndrome

A heart attack happens when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot in a coronary artery narrowed by fatty deposits. Without quick treatment, the heart muscle can be permanently damaged. It is a medical emergency.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Treatment in hospital opens the blocked artery, often with a stent, or uses clot-busting medicine.

Afterwards, medicines, cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle changes, such as stopping smoking, reduce the risk of another heart attack.

Common signs

  • Chest pain, pressure or tightness
  • Pain spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, back or tummy
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating, feeling sick or lightheaded
  • Overwhelming anxiety

How it is usually diagnosed

  • ECG
  • Blood tests for troponin
  • Coronary angiogram
  • Echocardiogram

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • ECGs
  • Troponin and cholesterol results
  • Angiogram and stent reports
  • Discharge letters and cardiac rehabilitation notes
  • A list of medicines

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How much damage was done to my heart?
  • Which medicines will I need and for how long?
  • When can I return to work, exercise and driving?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Chest pain or pressure, especially with breathlessness, sweating or pain spreading to the arm or jaw: call 112 straight away

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources