What it is
It often starts with flu-like symptoms, followed over hours to days by confusion, changes in behaviour, seizures or loss of consciousness.
Treatment depends on the cause and may include antiviral medicines, steroids and other immune treatments. Recovery can take a long time, and some people have lasting problems with memory, mood or concentration, for which rehabilitation helps.
Common signs
- Fever and headache
- Confusion or disorientation
- Changes in personality or behaviour
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
How it is usually diagnosed
- MRI or CT scan
- Lumbar puncture
- EEG
- Blood tests for infections and antibodies
Records worth keeping
Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:
- Hospital discharge summaries
- MRI, EEG and spinal fluid results
- Rehabilitation plans
- Neurology follow-up letters
Questions to ask your doctor
- What caused it?
- What recovery should we expect?
- What rehabilitation and support are available?
When to get help right away
Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:
- Fever with confusion, behaviour change, seizures or drowsiness: call 112
This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.