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Common cold

Also called Cold or Upper respiratory tract infection

A cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat and sinuses. It is very common, especially in children, and usually gets better by itself within about a week, though a cough can last longer. Antibiotics do not help because colds are caused by viruses.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Rest, fluids and painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen ease symptoms. Pharmacists can advise on cold remedies, which are not suitable for young children.

Washing hands, using tissues and avoiding close contact while ill help stop colds spreading.

Common signs

  • Blocked or runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Sneezing and coughing
  • Mild fever, aches and tiredness

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Recognised from the symptoms; tests are not usually needed

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Not usually needed; note colds that are frequent or very prolonged

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Is this just a cold, or could it be something else?
  • Which remedies are safe for my child?
  • When should I worry if symptoms last?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or a baby under 3 months with a temperature of 38°C or more: get urgent help

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources

Related conditions

FluA common viral infection that comes on quickly with fever, aches and tiredness. Most people get better in about a week.SinusitisSwelling of the sinuses, usually after a cold, causing a blocked nose and facial pain. It usually gets better within 2 to 3 weeks.Chest infectionAn infection of the lungs or airways, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Most are mild and clear up on their own.