Chilblains

Also called Pernio or Perniosis

Chilblains are small, itchy and sometimes painful red or purple swellings that appear on the skin after exposure to cold, usually on the toes, fingers, ears or nose. They happen when small blood vessels react to cold and then warming up too quickly. They usually clear up on their own within 1 to 2 weeks.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Keeping hands and feet warm, avoiding sudden heat such as hot water bottles on cold skin, and not smoking help prevent them.

Chilblains that keep coming back, or happen outside cold weather, may need checking for circulation problems or other conditions.

Common signs

  • Small red, purple or darker swellings on toes or fingers
  • Itching and burning, especially after warming up
  • Blisters or ulcers occasionally

How it is usually diagnosed

  • Usually recognised by how they look
  • Blood tests if they are severe or unusual

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • Photos of the affected areas with dates
  • Any blood test results

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Is my circulation OK?
  • How can I prevent them coming back?
  • Should I be checked for any other conditions?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Signs of infection, such as pus, spreading redness or fever, especially if you have diabetes

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

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