Bone cyst

Also called Unicameral bone cyst or Aneurysmal bone cyst

A bone cyst is a fluid-filled cavity inside a bone. Bone cysts are not cancer and usually cause no symptoms, so they are often found by chance on an X-ray or after a bone breaks. They are most common in children and teenagers, often in the upper arm or thigh bone.

Last updated Nov 9, 2026

What it is

Many cysts heal by themselves as a child grows. Larger cysts, or ones that weaken the bone, may need treatment.

Treatment can include injections into the cyst or surgery to scrape it out and fill it with bone graft.

Common signs

  • Often no symptoms
  • A bone that breaks after a minor injury
  • Mild pain or swelling over the bone

How it is usually diagnosed

  • X-ray
  • MRI or CT to look at the cyst in detail
  • Biopsy occasionally, to rule out other causes

Records worth keeping

Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:

  • X-ray and MRI reports
  • Orthopaedic letters
  • Operation notes if treated

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Is the bone at risk of breaking?
  • Does it need treatment or just monitoring?
  • Which activities are safe for now?

When to get help right away

Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:

  • Severe pain and being unable to use the limb after an injury

This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.

Sources