What it is
It is linked to a gene called HLA-B27, though most people with that gene never develop it. It can also affect the eyes (uveitis), other joints and tendons.
Regular exercise and physiotherapy are central. Anti-inflammatory medicines help many people; biological medicines are used when symptoms remain active.
Common signs
- Back pain and stiffness lasting more than three months, worse in the morning
- Pain that improves with exercise and is worse with rest
- Pain in the buttocks, heels or other joints
- Tiredness; sometimes a painful red eye
How it is usually diagnosed
- Blood tests for inflammation and the HLA-B27 gene
- X-rays or MRI of the spine and sacroiliac joints
- Assessment by a rheumatologist
Records worth keeping
Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:
- MRI and X-ray reports
- Blood test results, including inflammation markers
- Disease activity scores recorded at clinic
- A record of medicines, especially biologics, with start dates and screening tests
Questions to ask your doctor
- Which exercises are best for me?
- When would biological medicines be considered?
- What should I do if my eye becomes painful and red?
When to get help right away
Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:
- A painful red eye with blurred vision (same-day eye assessment)
- New weakness or numbness in the legs, or loss of bladder or bowel control
This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.