What it is
Most fistulas follow an infection in a small gland inside the anus. Crohn's disease and some other conditions make them more likely.
There are several surgical techniques. The choice depends on how the fistula runs in relation to the muscles that control the bowel.
Common signs
- Skin irritation around the anus
- Pain that is constant and worse when sitting or moving
- Discharge of pus or blood from an opening near the anus
- Swelling and fever if an abscess forms
How it is usually diagnosed
- Examination by a colorectal surgeon
- An MRI scan or ultrasound to map the fistula
- Sometimes an examination under anaesthetic
Records worth keeping
Keeping these together makes each appointment easier, especially when you see a new doctor:
- MRI or ultrasound reports describing the fistula
- Operation notes for each procedure
- Colorectal clinic letters
Questions to ask your doctor
- What type of fistula is it, and which operation do you recommend?
- What is the risk to bowel control?
- How likely is it to come back?
When to get help right away
Call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department if you have:
- A painful, hot swelling near the anus with fever
- Feeling very unwell, shivering or confused
This page is general information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a doctor who knows your history. Medfold keeps your records organised; it does not interpret them.